Teaching Critical And Contextual Studies In Art, Craft And Design Essay Research Paper Example For Students

Teaching Critical And Contextual Studies In Art, Craft And Design Essay Research Paper Critical studies is now an accepted abbreviated term for those parts of the art and design curriculum that embrace art history, aesthetic theories and the social, economical, political, religious and numerous other contexts within which the practice of art and design, exists, develops and fulfils its purposes. (Thistlewood, 1989.pg viii) Although critical and contextual studies has its own place, referred to as understanding within the programme of study for art, teachers should realise the opportunities of using critical studies to inform the childrens own work in terms of investigating and making. Childrens making is clearly enriched through their studying the work of other artists and designers in much the same way that their language is supported through reading the work of many storytellers and poets.'(Clement 1992, pg.9) We will write a custom essay on Teaching Critical And Contextual Studies In Art, Craft And Design Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There are so many ways in which teachers can use the work of Artists to engage a response off children and inform their making. General discussions, questioning and talking, especially at key stage 1 can stimulate curiosity and interest about works of art, where as specific questioning at key stage 2 may encourage the children to give more thought about a particular piece of art work. The introduction of the National Curriculum placed an important emphasis on understanding in art, stressing that childrens understanding of art, craft and design should be encouraged and developed through teaching them about: visual and tactile elements, including colour, pattern and texture, line and tone, shape, form and space materials and processes used in making art, craft and design differences and similarities in the work of artists, craftspeople and designers in different times and cultures .

Rhetorical Analysis The Pack Rat among Us

Rhetorical Analysis The Pack Rat among Us Summary of the Article The article under consideration entitled â€Å"The Pack Rat among Us† is written by Laurie Schutza. Schutza dwells upon a very disputable issue, i.e. hoarding. The article starts with a description of an average hoarded house. The author does not only depict the house, but reveals her ideas and emotions when she is inside the house (305). Schutza then tries to understand why people become the so-called ‘pack rats’.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Rhetorical Analysis: â€Å"The Pack Rat among Us† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author assumes that things help people to cope with such problems as loneliness, fear, etc. The author argues that people are often attached to things as they do not have close relations with people. The author also claims that hoarding is a very extreme case, but she also notes that almost all people have certain traits assigned to pack rats. The author mentions people’s desire to use things as a kind of material memories. The author then tries to define the origins of people’s desire to hoard. Schutza notes that the origins of this trait can go back to pre-historic times when people had to accumulate things to survive as their future was really insecure (305). However, the author also claims that the instinct has become a kind of pathology as people now live in the world of ‘wants’ and not in the world of ‘needs’ (Schutza 306). The author states that people living in the throwaway world are simply driven to accumulate items which they do not even need. For instance, the author mentions such ‘drivers’ as shops, e-commerce, and even garage sales which make people become compulsive buyers and eventually hoarders. Thus, Schutza warns the reader that each individual can turn into a hoarder so it is necessary to remain reasonable. The author concludes that pe ople are â€Å"just a few steps away from the inhabitants of the house on the hill† where the house is a metaphor which stands for hoarding (309). Intended Audience and Purpose for the Essay The intended audience the author addresses is, in fact, each individual living in the throwaway society. The author asks: â€Å"how far removed are we, the consumers, from this tendency to collect and save?† (Schutza 306). However, it is possible to note that the author addresses Americans in particular: â€Å"America has become a nation of mass consumers† (Schutza 306). The author addresses the consumers with one major purpose. She wants to prevent people from turning into the pack rats. The author concludes that â€Å"a little â€Å"pack rat† resides in all of us† (Schutza 309). It is possible to assume that the entire article is a depiction of threats which can haunt big pack rats. So, the article is a warning to the consumers who are reasonable enough to re main humble pack rats. Schutza’s Support Strategies The author uses three support strategies: examples, evidence and appeals. The author begins her article with a colorful example. She depicts a hoarded house, which is one of her personal experiences as she states:† [i]t is also the home of people I love† (Schutza 304). It is necessary to add that there are other instances of the use of this support strategy. Apart from the author’s personal experience, she uses other examples.Advertising Looking for critical writing on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, the author provides particular examples of the way to accumulate (or rather acquire) things. Thus, the author mentions â€Å"Sam’s Club and Costco,† â€Å"[g]arage sales, resale shops, flea markets, and antique malls,† and â€Å"Antiques Roadshow† (Schutza 307). It is necessary to point out th at these examples make the article more intimate. In fact, people tend to believe particular examples from real life rather than rely on vague assumptions. However, apart from examples, the author uses another support strategy, i.e. Schutza provides evidence. For instance, the author does not simply reveal specific examples from real life settings. She also makes her article plausible and reliable with the help of specific data. Notably, each of her claims is supported by another study or work. For instance, Schutza refers to several academic works revealing meaningful data: â€Å"more than 1.4 million homes in the United States alone are †¦ hoard homes† (qtd. in Schutza 305). Therefore, the author supports her claims referring to other reliable sources. It is important to add that these references make it clear that the issue discussed is really important as it is being discussed and analyzed. Finally, the author also resorts to the use of appeals. She puts rhetoric que stions: â€Å"aren’t we attached to our possessions to a certain extent?† (Schutza 309). The author also puts very important questions to be answered by every individual: â€Å"Do we really need everything we buy and save?† (Schutza 306). These questions make people more involved. The reader does not simply reads an interesting article. The reader inevitably tries to answer the questions put by the author. Admittedly, this technique helps the author to reach the major aim of writing: people are made to think over important issues. Of course, it is also necessary to add that the combination of the three support strategies makes the article so appealing, plausible and involving. Schutza, Laurie. The Pack Rat among Us. Inventing Arguments. Ed. John Mauk and John Metz. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 304-309. Print.

Social responsibility of businesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social responsibility of businesses - Essay Example If they are to be civil servants taxing and spending for "social" objectives, then they must be elected. Conversely, when the individual proprietor exercises his "social responsibility," he is spending his own money and is justifiable. So the social responsibility of businesses is to increase its profits ethically in free and open competition (Milton, 1970). Stakeholders include owners (who have a financial stake with expectation of returns, employees with their livelihood at stake expectant of security, benefits and meaningful work), suppliers (have their survival at stake and determine the firm's success, customers (exchange resources for products to profit the firm and benefit from the products), the local community (grants the right to firms to construct and returned with good facilities) and management. Management's stake is akin to the employees with the duty to safeguard the welfare of corporation, by resolving conflicts among conflicting stakeholders and balance their interes ts based on a doctrine of fairness (Ed, 1994). The disagreement lies in management. For Ed, the management still fulfils its role as long as the interests of the stakeholders are met with equality (Ed, 1994). As for Milton, once the manager is not an elected civil servant who taxes and spends the proceeds for "social purposes", he seizes to be manager (Milton, 1970). In his article, he explained that w... In his article, he explained that we act as consumers to get what we want for ourselves and we act as citizens to achieve what we think is right or best for the community (Sagoff). This implies that when we will think of national goals, they will go beyond our self-mere interest. Based on this distinction there will be a significant ethical difference between risk that is taken by the consumers (who chooses smoking) and risk that is imposed on them as citizens (subjected to the radioactive waste). Therefore in view of the cost benefit analysis, which sides the consumers, is not an adequate solution to address environmental concerns as it does not allow us "to have power to act as a nation", because we are not "able to acton a public philosophy, conviction, or faith" (Sagoff). 3.2 Name three steps along the roadmap Lovins, Lovins and Hawkin describe. The first step is to dramatically increase the productivity of natural resources by reducing the wasteful and destructive flow of resources from depletion to population through fundamental changes in both production design and technology. The second step is the shift to biologically inspired models where systems can be designed to eliminate the use of toxic materials, which can hamper nature's ability to reprocess materials (closed-loop manufacturing). The third step would be a move to a solutions-based business model where the new relationship from this model of delivering value as a flow of service will align the interest of providers and customers in ways that reward them for implementing the first two steps. 4.1 What are Reich's arguments against corporate social responsibility Make a list, with one sentence summarizing each. "1. Why the interest" describes the increase of interest in "corporate social

Arms and International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Arms and International Relations - Essay Example There had been considerable unrest and tension between the countries of Eastern and Western Europe. As such, the West European Arms Industry suffered a serious setback due to European integration. There have been rapid developments to address the disruption of the relations between the military and the industry. These changes in the production of arms resulted in several issues, relating to employment, technology, national security and foreign policy. It was perceived that the European nations would find a solution for these challenging tasks. The decisions taken by these countries will invariably affect the employment of a large number of workers in the arms production industry. Furthermore, these decisions could also affect national and international policies, in the areas of technology, economics, arms procurement and international integration (Brzoska & Lock, 1992. Page 4 – 5). The annual toll in human life, exacted by small arms, all over the world comes to nearly half a million. Furthermore, the number of people who succumb to small arms is more than the number of people who are slain by missiles or weapons of mass destruction. The international arms control agreements are deeply concerned about this extremely distressing situation; and almost a hundred companies are lobbying to suitably change arms regulations, so as to address this alarming phenomenon. These companies want to form a new treaty that will be aimed at regulating the trade in small arms. The United Kingdom, Japan and several other nations are forging ahead to create such a new treaty. This new treaty would prohibit the sale and purchase of small but lethal weapons, like hand guns and grenade launchers (Falby, October 15, 2007). In the earlier stages this prohibition will be implemented on the rogue states that have a dismal record, regarding human rights. It would also be applied to countries, which employ these

That Which Is Accepted as Knowledge Today Is Sometimes Discarded Essay

That Which Is Accepted as Knowledge Today Is Sometimes Discarded Tomorrow - Essay Example For example, these days, men can assume the feminine roles in the house like cleaning and washing the dishes and doing gardening and the laundry. Women too have assumed roles that men once had like being a police officer or being a president. This is perhaps due to the change in the knowledge that the world has concerning gender roles for now we are in the times when women work more than the men (Barksdale). Moreover, in the field of psychology, there has recently been a deluge of new information on various topics that have once been considered taboos. These include mind power, yoga, mental telepathy, the Law of Attraction, and other rather novel lifestyles and alternative healing practices (Natalina). We see these things on TV all the time, and although our ancestors would have been disgusted, we rather feel fascination. Societies have also discarded as obsolete any concept that fostered discrimination. For example, society would usually not only frown upon but even ostracize homosexuals. However, nowadays, as homosexuality is not anymore a considered a disease, society has become more tolerant of homosexuals and the stigma has somehow waned. However, nowadays, we see gay bars and Gay Pride marches on the street, and some States and countries have even legalized gay marriage (Herek). Perhaps, the knowledge that has changed is not only the fact that homosexuality as a disease but also the idea that homosexuals are also human beings who deserve every right that heterosexuals enjoy. This sudden, revolutionary way of thinking may have also been brought about by the reading of literature that praised democracy and equality in society. Not only this, but perhaps society has also become more tolerant of children who answer their parents back. Nowadays, based on my experience, I see children answering their parents back whenever these children did not like what the latter said. Perhaps, this is a result in the change in knowledge

The Walt Disney company

The Walt Disney company Questions: Did Disney still have a coherent strategy for its business mix? No. Its mix of creative production, business expansion and marketing was hampered by financial restraints and increased competition between divisions. Did Eisners 20% growth target still make sense, particularly when Disney faced ever-increasing competition across all its businesses? No. The expansion of the market previously cornered by Disney had become a threat. The market share was stratified. With the creative teams facing difficult management guidelines it was challenging to create new innovative products. Further, Disney would reduce marketing ventures to cut costs. Disneys expansion into other ventures, such as television and non-animated based film distribution and production, were high-risk, high-reward ventures. While some of these high-risks were successful they further deviated from the core ideals and products of Disney. They also did not offer the type of cross-promotion and marketing opportunities previously provided through the standard Disney brand. Can Disney be run [successfully] by single person? No. Eisner attempted to be both a leader and a manager. Disney required a manager who could balance and shape the different divisions while encouraging Eisners vision of a holistic organization. Does Eisner need to change his approach to running his entertainment empire? No. Eisners primary strategy involved synergy, both vertically and horizontally. Eisners idea of synergy includes cross-marketing and branding. This is successful amongst the core of Disney activities and products, such as theme parks, licensed characters, and branded items (such as toys). The vertical component of the core brand involved the distribution and production aspect of Disney an ability to leverage costs. This was a successful strategy. However the expansion of Disney into other entertainment venues proved challenging. There were limited opportunities to cross-market television production with other parts of the company (Disney movies on TV). There was not an opportunity to brand a live action films via the integrated, synergistic marketing systems at the core of the company. For every ESPN spawning a restaurant there was a ABC television show with no ability to expand revenue beyond its initial value. Introduction In 1923 Walter Elias Disney moved to Hollywood, California where he founded the Disney Brothers Studio (Disney) with his brother Roy. The company suffered a rocky start; however the creation of Mickey Mouse in 1928 and the introduction of synchronized sound provided Walt the momentum he needed to get the company moving forward. The success of utilizing synchronized sound taught the Disney brothers how technology would be a key factor in growth. The ground-breaking full-length feature film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs began Disneys foray into the licensing of its products. Brand management became a fundamental ideal at Disney. As the company released more successful films it realized the value of a holistic marketing approach. Disney diversified its holdings creating a conglomerate including Walt Disney Music Company and Buena Vista Distribution. Disneys goal was to management their ventures from beginning to end. Cross-marketing and branding continued to be fundamental concepts in Disneys endeavors, including its investment in theme parks and television programming. Over the next decades all new divisions were a part of Disneys large scale marketing machine. Each division fed each products and creative outlets. However as creativity dwindled due to financial pressure the company suffered Disney required products to maintain its market share. When Michael Eisner took the helm at Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Disney in 1984 he sought to again instill Walt Disneys original concept into the company. He announced a goal of growing Disney shareholder equity (net worth) 20% per year. Eisner believed in â€Å"managing creativity,† or encouraging development divisions to work collaboratively with business divisions. Eisner understood Walts initial management concept of balancing the corporate ideals of â€Å"quality, entrepreneurship, and teamwork.† Eisner pushed the Disney to heavily reinvest in its original products, such as television production and films. With Disney solidifying its market share it was free to undertake new ventures in live action films, high tech animation production, and new theme parks. Eisner utilized these new ventures in the same manner Walt built his company cross-marketing and brand management. But as Eisner expanded the company to meet his annual net worth rate of growth Disney undertook a number of high-risk/high-reward ventures. As the conglomerate grew Eisners micro-management style was unable to produce the success it once had attained. Further discussion of marketing. Growth/How Disney grew (theme parks, etc) How Disney changed acquisition of other organizations/firms Nature of the Problem Suffered a major slump starting in 1994 until the turn of the century. 1994-2000, lost several high-level executives Eisner took on sole leadership of the organization Synergy did not account for the â€Å"culture† of new acquisitions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When merging firms/media ie Touchstone Television from NY to LA (p12). Seen as â€Å"traditional† Alternatives of the Firm Overall idea for all alternatives is that 20% growth is unreasonable. Growth rate should be development on a medium term scale 5 years at a time. Status Quo Disney continues with Eisner at the helm and no President to work in finance, mediation, and labor relations. Continues current strategy of controlling costs and placing a financial check on division managers. One Company Two Major Divisions Separate Entertainment Divisions into Adult (ABC Television, Touchstone, Hyperion Books) and Childrens (Buena Vista television, distribution, publishing and theme parks) New Leadership Use Eisner to continue synergy through the hiring of an experience President/COO. Fire Eisner and establish a new management that is experienced in large conglomerates and cross-marketing Return to Basics creativity, animation, stories w/good morals The green movement Religion/wars/differences Take more international theme and Marketing Concepts Brand Management Cross-Promotion/Marketing Holistic Management of Product Recommendations Combination of New Leadership and One Company/Two Divisions. Bring in President/COO to work with divisions. Release creative divisions from strong-armed financial management to increase opportunity for cross-promotion. Separate company into two primary factions to preserve the Disney name one related to family entertainment.

My Brother Cried :: Personal Narrative Death Papers

My Brother Cried I stand there shivering as tears stream down my face and roll onto my coat. I cannot believe she is really gone-- she was only four months old. It is not fair to take her away from her family; she was only a baby. I listen as the bishop and the priest try to comfort our pain, but somehow they make it more of a grievous reality-- Stephanie is really gone. When the bishop finishes blessing the grave, I hear the echos of Stephanie's anguished mother, "Don't take my baby away, I love her!" I ponder her words as they ring in my head; it makes me think, "Did I really love her?" I know I did, but at first I tried not to. I cry because of my heartlessness; Stephanie only needed love and attention while she existed on earth. As I watch her mother weep, I condemn myself-- a terrible aunt. Despite my crude heart, I soon realize that Stephanie touched all of our lives, not just mine, in some way or another. Stephanie Becomes Extremely Sick Stephanie Christine Schank was born on a quiet, rainy Sunday in October. Immediately after church, my older brother Chris and I traveled over thirty miles north from Silver Spring, Maryland to Gaithersburg to see our newborn niece. Despite the familiar picturesque autumn scenery, we drove on Interstate 270 in dismal silence. We heard something might have gone wrong during the birth. Chris and I did not know what to expect. Upon arrival at Shady Grove Hospital, a nurse guided us to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. A million troubling thoughts raced through my mind. Could something possibly be wrong with the baby? No way! That would never happen to a righteous Mormon family. Why would God give a honorable family an affliction as serious as this? I never expected anything unfortunate to happen to my family or me, and especially not to my brother and his wife. I thought about Marisel, Stephanie's mother: perhaps she had a hard birth and the doctors needed specialists. I rationalized an y possible problem and convinced myself that everything was fine. Chris and I sat in painful silence as we waited patiently for someone to come answer our many questions. Finally, Mike, my oldest brother, and his home teacher strolled down the hallway. I assumed that Mike had taken him back to see Stephanie and Marisel.

Case Study – Make Green Delicious

————————————————- A. ————————————————- Introduction/Statement of the Problem: As the executive director of the National Hockey League Players’ Association (NHLPA), Bob Goodenow is faced with the issue of developing a communications strategy for the NHLPA. It must establish a strong bargaining stance for the players that effectively communicate their position on the salary cap issue, while also retain the loyalty of hockey fans. B. ————————————————- Analysis:The current Collective Bargaining Agreement includes a limited salary cap and entry-level salary cap, and expires September 15th, 2004. It is no longer successful at controlling rapid growth in player salaries and forming a direct link between salary growth and league revenues. The Unified Report of Operations claims that the majority of NHL teams have lost money in recent years. Owners believe that there are â€Å"major deficiencies in the current contract that has led to significant financial losses and a competitive imbalance. Smaller teams can’t compete with larger teams; therefore the league can’t be competitive.There is a transition from a local market to a league-wide market, so players’ salaries are escalating to levels that are unsustainable. Entry-level salary caps are ineffective due to signing bonuses. The NHL revenue growth equals 173%, while the players’ salary growth equals 261% over the term of the CBA. The players’ salaries account for 75% of NHL revenues, which is much higher than other sports. Owners believe a mechanism is needed to control player salaries and tie them to revenues. Players question the validity of the financial information, URO, and Levitt Report.Players argue against the proposed solutions and say free market forces should determine players’ salaries. There is no validity in the owners’ financial statements, which may support that the lack of revenues is due to poor business decisions, not high player salaries. C. ————————————————- Alternatives: A) Strategy that focuses on the players’ current stance on the salary cap, using free market forces, questionable financial validity, and poor business decisions as their platforms for gaining the media and the fans support.B) Strategy that emphasizes on the lack of financial transparency of the NHL and its owners that has led a delayed agreement. C) Continue with the current communications strategy. D. ————————————— ———- Recommendation: Bob is recommended to choose alternative A and pursue a communications strategy, which emphasizes the NHL players’ current position on the proposed salary cap. E. ————————————————- Implementation Plan: Bob should begin by clearly establishing the players’ values and goals in regards to the negotiation and how he intends on communicating them to reach the fans.This would involve taking the players’ stance on the salary cap and communicating it consistently through the NHLPA’s website, players’ personal social media, radio interviews, etc. It would include reasoning to support the players’ position, such as the lack of transparency and validity in financial information presented by the NHL owners, as well as the importance of free markets in the determination of salaries. By using the players as a source of free media and publicity, the NHLPA can emphasize their position and sympathize with the fans and their common love for the game.Here, the players can explain that a salary cap would essentially be equal to a salary cut for players. This is something that nobody would agree with if it came to their own job, whether they are rich or poor. By effectively communicating the players’ stance on the proposed salary cap to the fans and public, the NHLPA can gain a favourable bargaining position over the NHL owners for the upcoming negotiations in September 2004. It will also help retain fan loyalty to the NHL and its organizations, which is a common interest for both parties.

To Kill A Mockingbird Is this novel simply a pessimistic presentation of a deeply flawed and discriminatory society Essay Example

To Kill A Mockingbird Is this novel simply a pessimistic presentation of a deeply flawed and discriminatory society Essay Example To Kill A Mockingbird Is this novel simply a pessimistic presentation of a deeply flawed and discriminatory society Paper To Kill A Mockingbird Is this novel simply a pessimistic presentation of a deeply flawed and discriminatory society Paper Essay Topic: Deep Literature In this essay I will be looking at the different types of prejudices that are used in the novel. These include prejudice against colour, sex, class, outcasts and outsiders. I will be looking at how these prejudices affect the characters in the novel and how their attitudes change. I will also be looking closely at the characters of Atticus Finch and Bob Ewell, who have completely different attitudes towards racism. I interpret the word prejudice as literally meaning pre-judge. When someone is prejudiced against someone then it means that they are judging him or her without knowing them and this is usually down to racism. There are many examples of prejudice in the novel and this gives the idea that Maycomb is a deeply flawed and discriminatory society. The main example of prejudice in the novel revolves around the trial of Tom Robinson, who is a black man that is being tried for a rape crime that he did not commit. The pre-judgment of Tom Robinson by a 12-strong Maycomb jury shows that the community is deeply racist. White people considered blacks to be upstart and the reason for this is that the book is set at the time of depression and whites were worried that, black men could take their jobs. This is one of the reasons that Bob Ewell accuses Tom Robinson of murder. Ewell is deeply racist and when he finds his daughter trying to seduce Tom he automatically accuses the black man. Although this prejudice against Tom Robinson is started by one the man most of the town have no trouble in sticking by the white man and this is why the trial is one of the main areas of racism in the book. This racism against blacks though is not the only area of discrimination in Maycomb society. There is also a strong discrimination against outsiders that starts at a very early age. An example of this is when scout goes to school for the first time and her teacher says, I am from North Alabama, from Winston County. At this point the class murmured apprehensively, should she prove to harbour her share of peculiarities indigenous to that region. By doing this, the class is pre-judging their teacher only a few minutes after meeting her for the first time. The children are showing that even at their early age they consider outsiders to be peculiar. The only reason that I can see for this is that this has been drilled into them from a young age and therefore gives us the idea that the town they live in is deeply flawed and discriminatory The character of Bob Ewell can be seen as the epitome of everything that is wrong with the society of Maycomb. He is described as a little bantam cock that crowed like a rooster on a dung hill. This shows what the people of the town think about him and also how his racist opinion would usually count for nothing. Mr. Ewell is also a redneck, which is made clear when the author says, the back of his neck reddened at the sound of his name. This tells us that Ewell is a racist piece of white trash, like most other rednecks. The character of Bob Ewell rubs off on the rest of his family, whom he treats, with no degree of respect or care. The first example of this comes about when his son, Burris Ewell is at school. The teacher tries to repremand Burris but he says, you ain`t sending me home missus. I was just on the verge of leaving- I done my time for this year. This shows how Bob has not laid down any rules for his children and he doesnt set any rules for his children or care what the get up to. It also gives across the idea that the Ewell family is very dysfunctional and this is one of the many differences between the Ewells and the Fiches. An example of how Ewell has no respect for his family is the way that he drags his daughter Mayella through a rape trial for some personal attention. Ewell describes the rape as rutting and this is a word that is only usually used to describe sex between animals. By using this sort of language Ewell is portraying himself and his family as wild animals and when a wild dog appears later in the novel this can be seen as a portrayal of Ewell. Atticuss children are very different from Ewells but they, like many of the other children in the novel are also prejudiced. Scout is victimized by her brother Jem for not being girlish enough. He says, I declare to the lord you are getting more like a girl everyday! This upsets Scout because she seems to want to be a boy because men obviously have a higher status in the town. Although Scout is being victimized here she shows signs of being racist herself. When she and Jem are building a snowman that is mostly made of mud she exclaims, I aint ever heard of a nigger snowman. By using the word nigger Scout is showing that from a very young age she is using the language that she has obviously picked up from the people around her and by doing this she is giving the idea that the whole town is discriminatory in one way or another. It is clear that it is not only the white people of Maycomb that are prejudiced against anything that dont conform to their ideals, it is the black community as well. Both communities shun Mr. Dolphus Raymond because he is involved in a mixed marriage that goes against both white and black laurels. Jem explains to scout that mixed children belong nowhere and this shows how everyone in Maycomb is strongly opposed to anything that is not traditional or that doesnt occur on a wide-scale. The language that Harper Lee uses in the book is often racist and if it were used today then most people would take offense. She uses words like Nigger and Negro to show that the town is deeply racist because this language is used daily. I think that it is acceptable for Lee to use this type of language in the novel simply because it was what the language was like at the time that the novel is set and it shows what Maycomb is like. While Lee uses racist language to show racism in the novel she also uses empathy on a number of occasions to show peoples situations from other peoples points of view. An example of this is when Jem and Scout are made to spend time with Mrs. Dubose. Atticus says,I wanted you to see something about her-I wanted you to see what real courage is. With the use of empathy Lee shows the reader what Mrs. Dubose is really like. By making his children spend time with Mrs. Dubose Atticus is showing them not to judge a book by its cover. This is one of the many morals that Atticus tries to pass down to his kids throughout the novel. Another moral that he tries to pass down is the one that you have to fight for what is right. When Scout asks Atticus why he is taking on the Tom Robinson rape case he explains that if he didnt then he could not hold my head up in town. By setting this good example to his children Atticus is showing what type of person he is and this person is very different to Bob Ewell. Atticus is a respectable member of Maycombs society who, unlike Ewell is not racist and has a respectable job. Atticus is also well educated and shows us the importance of empathy. He says that you dont know a person Until you climb into its skin and walk around in it. By having the character of Atticus Lee shows us that not all of Maycomb are discriminatory and that it is only parts of the society that have something wrong with them and this can be said about all of society. Although the main plot of the novel is the trial of Tom Robinson the book also contains an interlacing sub-plot that centers on the mysterious character of Boo Radley. Boo is a man that does not conform to what is considered a normal way of life and he is therefore portrayed to the children of Maycomb as a bogeyman. This becomes apparent when Dill has the idea to make Boo Radley come out. This shows how the children wanted to torment him just because he doesnt come outside and conform to everyone elses way of life. This is a form of discrimination because they are tormenting him just because he is different and shows that even though Atticus tries to install good morals into his children they still go of and do things like this. Along with Tom Robinson, Boo Radley can be seen as the Mockingbird of novel. Atticus says that Mockingbirds dont do one thing but make music for us to enjoy and therefore its a sin to kill a Mockingbird. This can be related to both Boo and Tom because the both do nothing wrong and are both tormented and discriminated against. I think that Lee purposely had two Mockingbirds in the novel, to show that it is all of Maycombs society that is prejudiced. The children torment Boo and the adults persecute Tom. This shows that maycombs society is deeply flawed and discriminatory. So in conclusion, I would say that on the outside the novel is a presentation of a deeply flawed and discriminatory society. If you look deeper then you can see that not all of the society carries this prejudice and I think that the different fate of the two Mockingbirds is very significant. Boo shows us that you should not judge a book by its cover while the death of Tom Robinson shows how cruel humans can be to people who are effectively exactly the same as themselves.

How the accounting function should support their organisation in adopting and implementing a strategic approach to sustainability. The WritePass Journal

How the accounting function should support their organisation in adopting and implementing a strategic approach to sustainability. Introduction How the accounting function should support their organisation in adopting and implementing a strategic approach to sustainability. IntroductionAccounting FunctionRetail Sustainability, UKM S Sustainability Approach   Sustainability ManagementGovernment Policy on SustainabilityCreating Sustainable ValueHow Effective are Sustainability measures?ConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction Our planet is constantly changing and most of the changes that are occurring are as a result of our actions. The use of limited resources by different types of organisations all over the world to create products and services without much thought of what happens in the long run. Some important questions that need answers to are; will resources run out if not properly managed? Will there be resources for future generations? How can the limited resources be managed to ensure environmental catastrophes do not happen? And how to make organisations more accountable by involving accountants in the sustainability process?   Our environment may become severely affected if strategic discussions, objectives, goals and targets are not fully integrated within governance, accountability arrangements, reporting and the organisation’s way of governing overall risk management. Since sustainability is one of the key drivers for business in current years,the accountants should be able to support their organisation in adopting and implementing a strategic approach to sustainability. Accounting Function Accounting is defined by the American Institute of Certified accountants (AICPA) as ‘the art of recording, classifying, and summarising in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in part at least, of financial character, and interpreting the results thereof’. An Accountant’s main purpose up until the 90’s was reporting financial   accounts in terms of monetary values and profits however, the accounting profession needs to embrace the issue of sustainability to be able to maintain its integrity as a profession. Accountants should consider achieving wider transparency with non-financial Reporting against a broader set of stakeholder expectations. Such as separate, sustainability or corporate social responsibility reports that may be based on de facto standards, such as those from the Global Reporting Initiative.   This perspective also includes sustainability assurance, to help to improve credibility and trust, and m ight be of interest to those professional accountants in public practice. Retail Sustainability, UK Sustainability has three important dimensions for all organisations including the retail sector; Economic viability Social responsibility Environmental responsibility. The challenges of sustainable development require innovative approaches that inspire, and call businesses, governments and people to action. The retail sector can make a huge contribution to sustainability through their own operations, through their supply chains and through their relationships with their customers. The recognition governments and many organisations have given in to sustainability and sustainable developments are changing business culture and society. The global challenge is to ensure that retail organisations embrace sustainable development practices; Reverse the previous erosion of natural resources; Improve their environmental, social, and economic performance. This requires radical changes in the way we do business and the way we live our lives. M S Sustainability Approach Marks and Spencer claim to become the most sustainable retailer in the world. Retail organisation like marks Spencer have already let the public know some of the goals of the company which will help them to achieve sustainability. MS engaging customer with Plan A, the aim of this plan A is to encourages shoppers to give ideas for environmental change. Through suggestions from shoppers they have been able to introduce the ‘charging for plastic bags scheme’ and this has significantly reduced the use of plastic bags at their stores by more than 70%. Marks and Spencer is in   partnerships with WWF which help them to address environmental issues associated with sourcing cotton, wood and fish and they are helping them to fund vital orang-utan conservation in the Heart of Borneo; Oxfam helped them   to encourage clothing recycling whilst also raising money for their vital work. They have also worked with a range of partners for over three years to run their Marks Start work experience programme for disadvantaged   group which has helped over 800 people get back into work in the UK. ‘’Producing and harvesting raw materials can cause significant harm to the environment. Becoming more sustainable means making better use of the materials already available to us and at the same time making sure that key raw materials are sourced in ways that allow them to be naturally replenished’’   Sustainability Management Sustainability Management will help Accountants to Introduce sustainability measures, and environmental accounting as an extension of existing Accounting/information systems to accommodate organisational plans for sustainable development and enhancing performance evaluation and measurement. Accountants can advice on how organisations can relatively improve energy efficiency and reduce waste; this, in turn, can help them improve environmental performance while reducing their costs, all in a relatively short time frame. MS claims it saved  £50m in 2009-10 as a result of Plan A, which was launched in 2007 and Between April 2007 and May 2008, they   managed to save 12%, or 1402 tonnes of packaging. Accountants should consider achieving wider transparency with non-financial Reporting against a broader set of stakeholder expectations. Such as separate sustainability or corporate social responsibility reports that may be based on de facto standards, such as those from the Global Reporting Initiative. Included is advice on reporting on climate change issues and emissions in a way that demonstrates the existence of a structured system and approach to managing climate change impact and risks Government Policy on Sustainability National strategy The UK and devolved governments have separate strategies, each including further priorities and supported by further measures and indicators, based on their different responsibilities, needs and views. Our estate The Government is committed to leading by example on sustainable operations and procurement. Sustainable Operations of the Government Estate sets targets for all Government departments, agencies and bodies. Local and regional Local and regional solutions are needed to address locally identified problems. Sustainable communities, in both urban and rural areas, can stimulate the delivery of sustainable development. International The UK actively promotes multilateral and sustainable solutions to today’s most pressing environmental, economic and social problems. More prosperous nations have an obligation to put their own house in order, and to support other countries in the transition towards a more equitable and sustainable world. There are a couple of thousand accountants in Johnson Johnson and not many of them are even familiar with the term sustainability Michael J. Foley, Assistant Corporate Controller, Johnson Johnson, USA Creating Sustainable Value The new Sustainability Framework, developed by the Professional Accountants in Business (PAIB) Committee of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), highlights the issues that organisations must address to make sustainability part of their business model. It offers guidance on how to inject sustainability leadership into the management cycle, from making and executing strategic decisions to reporting on performance to stakeholders. Framework allows professional accountants to easily navigate those sustainability issues that are most important to their immediate roles. How Effective are Sustainability measures? Evaluating whether sustainability is only there in theory and not in practice is difficult. Most retail organisations claim to have the right and practicable sustainability measure in place because they have incorporated corporate social responsibility into their main business objective but   there are reasons that suggest they in fact portray themselves as socially responsible when this might not be the case in reality. The initiative by retail organisations to encourage customers to use less plastic bags   have not worked on all customers as people tend   to forget them and buy new ones   each time they go shopping. Nevertheless, more retailers are conscious of their impact on people and the planet, and some are becoming sustainability leaders. But is this concern genuine or simply crass marketing, or even â€Å"greenwashing?† Conclusion Enhancing the role of professional accountants in developing sustainable business can benefit retail employers and the public. Accountants’ professional background and orientation has equipped them with the necessary qualities to support their contribution namely, wide business understanding, numeracy and knowledge of measurement, and objectivity and integrity. Applying these skills to sustainability issues can help organisations to embrace sustainable development, and to incorporate it into strategic planning, execution and reporting. References www.ifac.org/sustainability-framework/overview#box-1 www.sd-commission.org.uk/pages/sustainable-retail Can’t see the wood for trees, Can’t see the trees for the numbers? Accounting education, Sustainability and the Public Interest. ROB GRAY* AND DAVID COLLISON†  defra.gov.uk triplepundit.com http://corporate.marksandspencer.com The plan A [Accessed 20th January 2011] http://plana.marksandspencer.com/we-are-doing/sustainable-raw-materials Marks Spencer sustainability pledge is flawed [Accessed 9th February] guardian.co.uk/sustainable-business/m-s-sustainability-pledge Marks Spencer sets out its sustainable stall [Accessed 11th February] independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/marksspencer-sets-out-its-sustainable-stall-1914358.htm

Detroit women working in war industries (WWII) Research Paper

Detroit women working in war industries (WWII) - Research Paper Example This caused a huge need for work force in the city. During 1940 s’ there were great discrimination based on sex. Women were not deemed fit to do men’s work. Hence most of the women of that period were housewives. Their main work was to take care of the house and the children. Further during the great depression there was a huge population of men who lost their jobs and was against employing women. The people during that time considered that by employing women, eligible unemployed men were being deprived of jobs. But due to the ongoing war most of the men were enrolled in the army and were not available for work. This resulted in a large scale need for workforce (Milkman, 1987). Another main reason for shortage of work force was the sudden increase in the need for Tanks, Planes, trucks and other equipment required for war fare. Due to the huge increase in need for those articles the major automobile companies in Detroit stopped the production of Automobiles and started c oncentrating more on producing war machines. This lead to development of new factory units and these Factories were involved in the production of war machines and other related equipments. It also created new vacancies and since majority of the men were either fighting for the country or wounded only few men were available to fill up these huge vacancies. This was also the main reason for the sudden shortage of workforce. Due to shortage of workforce, the production was greatly affected. As national interest was involved, the government started showing more concern towards this issue. As a result, the Government decided to involve the women folks of that area to work in the place of men. At the beginning response from the women was very less. Though few women came forward to work, they were only willing to do the traditional female jobs such as clerical or administrative works. They were not willing to do the so called traditional male jobs and they were not willing to work in the f actories. But as there was huge vacancy in these types of jobs the government wanted to employ women in these types of jobs. The call for to work in the factories by the Government was responded mostly by women belonging to minority and lower class who were already employed in some other work. They just shifted from the low paid desk work to a better paid job. This did not help to reduce the need for work force in any way. Hence girls graduating from high schools were also recruited. This also did not suffice the need for the work force. So, the government turned its attention towards house wives. As the majority of the women were housewives, the government started targeting house wives for these kinds of jobs. The male population of the city was totally against this. They thought that by employing housewives the future of the children will be spoiled. In the beginning housewives, especially, with children were prevented from going to work. The government really had a very hard time in bring those women to work. United States of America being a democratic country was not able to force these people to work. Hence, it started to use various other means to do this (Babson, 1986). The government thought of luring the women to work through various propagandas. Through propagandas patriotic feeling was greatly increased. Further economic

Visual Persuasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visual Persuasion - Essay Example In the book entitled, Visual Persuasion: The Role of Images in Advertising written by Messaris (1997), the author explained that visual persuasion is actually a form of exploration of distinct and unique images used in the advertising field. As such, it is relevant to emphasize that the act of being persuaded takes the collaborative effort of the organization persuading and the person/s being persuaded: â€Å"because of the process of co-creation, all persuasion consists of self-persuasion to some degree. We rarely act in accordance with persuasion unless we participate or interact in the process logically and/or emotionally† (Larson, 2010, p. 22). Visual persuasion is undertaken for the purpose of presenting arguments in a clear manner through images that could be appreciated through seeing. In court cases for instance, where visual persuasion is useful, it was emphasized that the benefit of using graphic presentation includes the fact that â€Å"it is cognitively more complete. By showing, as well as telling, throughout the presentation, you are engaging and using more of the jurors’ working attention, causing them to pay more attention, and to notice and see more of your argument† (Broda-Bahm, n.d., p. 4). The presentation shown in Figure 1 attests to this fact. Another benefit noted of visual persuasion is the evidence of greater preparation put into the work; and thereby, apparently increases credibility of the promoter. On the contrary, some visual persuasion strategies which aim to sway the audience into believing a proposed point of view; even against norms or universal standards could be deceiving and manipulative. For instance, Figure 2 allegedly advocated that â€Å"Joe Camel is presented as cool, adventurous, and attractive to women† (Blackmon, n.d., p. 1). Visual persuasion has tendencies to present